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Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Dec 2020The gut microbiota is an important contributor to both health and disease. While previous studies have reported on the beneficial influences of the gut microbiota and...
The gut microbiota is an important contributor to both health and disease. While previous studies have reported on the beneficial influences of the gut microbiota and probiotic supplementation on bone health, their role in recovery from skeletal injury and resultant systemic sequelae remains unexplored. This study aimed to determine the extent to which probiotics could modulate bone repair by dampening fracture-induced systemic inflammation. Our findings demonstrate that femur fracture induced an increase in gut permeability lasting up to 7 days after trauma before returning to basal levels. Strikingly, dietary supplementation with Bifidobacterium adolescentis augmented the tightening of the intestinal barrier, dampened the systemic inflammatory response to fracture, accelerated fracture callus cartilage remodeling, and elicited enhanced protection of the intact skeleton following fracture. Together, these data outline a mechanism whereby dietary supplementation with beneficial bacteria can be therapeutically targeted to prevent the systemic pathologies induced by femur fracture.
Topics: Animals; Bifidobacterium adolescentis; Fractures, Bone; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Inflammation; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Permeability; Probiotics
PubMed: 33022534
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110831 -
Microbiome Research Reports 2023The human gut community has been studied in detail in infants and following dietary interventions in adults. However, the variability of the distribution of species...
The human gut community has been studied in detail in infants and following dietary interventions in adults. However, the variability of the distribution of species and intra-species functions have been little studied, particularly beyond infancy. Here, we explore the ecology of communities in a large public dataset of human gut metagenomes, mostly corresponding to adults. We selected 9.515 unique gut metagenomes from curatedMetagenomicData. Samples were partitioned by applying Dirichlet's multinomial mixture to species. A functional analysis was performed on > 2.000 human-associated metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) paired with participant gut microbiome and health features. We identified several -based partitions in the human gut microbiome differing in terms of the presence and abundance of species. The partitions enriched in both and were associated with gut microbiome diversity and a higher abundance of butyrate producers and were more prevalent in healthy individuals. MAGs harboring a set of genes potentially related to phages were more prevalent in partitions associated with a lower gut microbiome diversity and were genetically more closely related. This study expands our knowledge of the ecology and variability of the community, particularly in adults, and its specific association with the gut microbiota and health. Its findings may guide the rational selection of strains for gut microbiome complementation according to the individual's endogenous community. Our results also suggest that gut microbiome stratification for particular genera may be relevant for studies of variations of species and associations with the gut microbiome and health.
PubMed: 38047280
DOI: 10.20517/mrr.2023.01 -
Microorganisms Dec 2021Members of play an important role in the development of the immature gut and are associated with positive long-term health outcomes for their human host. It has...
Members of play an important role in the development of the immature gut and are associated with positive long-term health outcomes for their human host. It has previously been shown that intestinal bacteriophages are detected within hours of birth, and that induced prophages constitute a significant source of such gut phages. The gut phageome can be vertically transmitted from mother to newborn and is believed to exert considerable selective pressure on target prokaryotic hosts affecting abundance levels, microbiota composition, and host characteristics. The objective of the current study was to investigate prophage-like elements and predicted CRISPR-Cas viral immune systems present in publicly available, human-associated genomes. Analysis of 585 fully sequenced bifidobacterial genomes identified 480 prophage-like elements with an occurrence of 0.82 prophages per genome. Interestingly, we also detected the presence of very similar bifidobacterial prophages and corresponding CRISPR spacers across different strains and species, thus providing an initial exploration of the human-associated bifidobacterial phageome. Our analyses show that closely related and likely functional prophages are commonly present across four different species of human-associated . Further comparative analysis of the CRISPR-Cas spacer arrays against the predicted prophages provided evidence of historical interactions between prophages and different strains at an intra- and inter-species level. Clear evidence of CRISPR-Cas acquired immunity against infection by bifidobacterial prophages across several bifidobacterial strains and species was obtained. Notably, a spacer representing a putative major capsid head protein was found on different genomes representing multiple strains across , , and , suggesting that this gene is a preferred target to provide bifidobacterial phage immunity.
PubMed: 34946160
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9122559 -
Brazilian Journal of Biology = Revista... 2022The gastrointestinal microflora regulates the body's functions and plays an important role in its health. Dysbiosis leads to a number of chronic diseases such as...
The gastrointestinal microflora regulates the body's functions and plays an important role in its health. Dysbiosis leads to a number of chronic diseases such as diabetes, obesity, inflammation, atherosclerosis, etc. However, these diseases can be prevented by using probiotics - living microorganisms that benefit the microflora and, therefore, improve the host organism's health. The most common probiotics include lactic acid bacteria of the Bifidobacterium and Propionibacterium genera. We studied the probiotic properties of the following strains: Bifidobacterium adolescentis АС-1909, Bifidobacterium longum infantis АС-1912, Propionibacterium jensenii В-6085, Propionibacterium freudenreichii В-11921, Propionibacterium thoenii В-6082, and Propionibacterium acidipropionici В-5723. Antimicrobial activity was determined by the 'agar blocks' method against the following test cultures: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Salmonella enterica ATCC 14028, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Pseudomonas aeruginosa B6643, Proteus vulgaris ATCC 63, and Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644. Moderate antimicrobial activity against all the test cultures was registered in Bifidobacterium adolescentis АС-1909, Propionibacterium jensenii В-6085, and Propionibacterium thoenii В-6082. Antioxidant activity was determined by the DPPH inhibition method in all the lactic acid strains. Our study indicated that some Propionibacterium and Bifidobacterium strains or, theoretically, their consortia could be used as probiotic cultures in dietary supplements or functional foods to prevent a number of chronic diseases.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Bifidobacterium; Escherichia coli; Gastrointestinal Tract; Probiotics; Propionibacteriaceae; Propionibacterium
PubMed: 35544788
DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.256945 -
Cells Apr 2023Gut microbiota dysbiosis with increased pathogenic bacteria and decreased beneficial bacteria is associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) development. This study examined...
Gut microbiota dysbiosis with increased pathogenic bacteria and decreased beneficial bacteria is associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) development. This study examined the effect of a newly developed probiotic formula in modulating CRC-related bacteria. We developed a probiotic formula containing three bifidobacteria (, , and ) based on the identification of bacterial species that showed significant correlations with CRC-related bacteria including (), , (), and (). We co-cultured with each bifidobacterium or the combined formula and examined the growth of by qPCR. The three individual bifidobacteria significantly inhibited the growth of compared to the control treatment (24~65% inhibition; all < 0.001). The combination of the three bifidobacteria showed a greater inhibitory effect on growth (70% inhibition) than the individual bifidobacteria (all < 0.05). We further examined the effect of the probiotic formula in a pilot study of 72 subjects (40 on probiotics; 32 with no intervention) for 4 weeks and followed them up for 12 weeks. The relative fecal abundances of the bifidobacteria in the formula and the CRC-related markers (, , , and ) were quantitated by qPCR before and after the intervention, and the combined CRC risk score (4Bac; , , and ) was evaluated. Subjects with probiotics intervention showed significantly increased abundances of the bifidobacteria from week 2 to week 5 compared to baseline ( < 0.05), and the abundances dropped to baseline levels after the cessation of the intervention. There were significant decreases in the levels of CRC-related markers ( and ) and the CRC risk score (4Bac) from week 2 to week 12 compared to baseline levels ( < 0.05) in the intervention group but not in the control group. A novel probiotic formula containing , , and was effective in inhibiting the growth of in vitro and improving the gut microbial environment against CRC development.
Topics: Humans; Pilot Projects; Probiotics; Feces; Bifidobacterium; Colorectal Neoplasms
PubMed: 37174650
DOI: 10.3390/cells12091244 -
AIMS Microbiology 2022High-fat diets have been associated with lower gut and fecal abundances of genus . Here, we investigated whether commonly consumed dietary free fatty acids have any...
High-fat diets have been associated with lower gut and fecal abundances of genus . Here, we investigated whether commonly consumed dietary free fatty acids have any detrimental effect on the growth of , , and . We found that the presence of free fatty acids in the medium inhibits the growth of species to a varying degree, with capric (C10:0), oleic (C18:1), and linoleic (C18:2) acids displaying the largest effect. In comparison, free fatty acids did not affect the growth of . When fats were added as a mixture of mono- and diacylglycerols, the inhibitory effect on growth was abolished.
PubMed: 35496991
DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2022005 -
International Journal of Molecular... Feb 2017Constipation is one of the most common gastrointestinal complaints worldwide. This study was performed to determine whether exerts inter-strain differences in...
Constipation is one of the most common gastrointestinal complaints worldwide. This study was performed to determine whether exerts inter-strain differences in alleviating constipation induced by loperamide in BALB/c mice and to analyze the main reasons for these differences. BALB/c mice underwent gavage with (CCFM 626, 667, and 669) once per day for 17 days. The primary outcome measures included related constipation indicators, and the secondary outcome measures were the basic biological characteristics of the strains, the concentration changes of short-chain fatty acids in feces, and the changes in the fecal flora. CCFM 669 and 667 relieved constipation symptoms by adhering to intestinal epithelial cells, growing quickly in vitro and increasing the concentrations of propionic and butyric acids. The effect of on the gut microbiota in mice with constipation was investigated via 16S rRNA metagenomic analysis. The results revealed that the relative abundance of increased and the amount of decreased in the CCFM 669 and 667 treatment groups. In conclusion, exhibits strain-specific effects in the alleviation of constipation, mostly due to the strains' growth rates, adhesive capacity and effects on the gut microbiome and microenvironment.
Topics: Animals; Antidiarrheals; Bacterial Adhesion; Bifidobacterium adolescentis; Biomarkers; Constipation; Defecation; Disease Models, Animal; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Feces; Gastric Juice; HT29 Cells; Humans; Loperamide; Melena; Mice; Microbiota; Probiotics
PubMed: 28230723
DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020318 -
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2023Acute diarrheal disease (ADD) caused by rotavirus (RV) contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality in children under five years of age. Currently, there are no...
Acute diarrheal disease (ADD) caused by rotavirus (RV) contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality in children under five years of age. Currently, there are no specific drugs for the treatment of RV infections. Previously, we reported the anti-rotaviral activity of the protein metabolites derived from . In this study, our aim was to assess the impact of -secreted proteins (BaSP), with anti-rotaviral activity on the human intestinal C2BBe1 cell line. We initiated the production of BaSP and subsequently confirmed its anti-rotaviral activity by counting the infectious foci using immunocytochemistry. We then exposed the C2BBe1 cells to various concentrations of BaSP (≤250 µg/mL) for 72 h. Cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay, cell monolayer integrity was monitored through transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), and cytoskeleton architecture and tight junctions (TJs) were examined using confocal microscopy with F-actin and occludin staining. Finally, we utilized a commercial kit to detect markers of apoptosis and necrosis after 24 h of treatment. The results demonstrated that BaSP does not have adverse effects on C2BBe1 cells. These findings confirm that BaSP inhibits rotavirus infectivity and has the potential to strengthen intestinal defense against viral and bacterial infections via the paracellular route.
PubMed: 38251325
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13010017 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2016The intestinal microbiota has increasingly been shown to have a vital role in various aspects of human health. Indeed, several studies have linked alterations in the gut... (Review)
Review
The intestinal microbiota has increasingly been shown to have a vital role in various aspects of human health. Indeed, several studies have linked alterations in the gut microbiota with the development of different diseases. Among the vast gut bacterial community, Bifidobacterium is a genus which dominates the intestine of healthy breast-fed infants whereas in adulthood the levels are lower but relatively stable. The presence of different species of bifidobacteria changes with age, from childhood to old age. Bifidobacterium longum, B. breve, and B. bifidum are generally dominant in infants, whereas B. catenulatum, B. adolescentis and, as well as B. longum are more prevalent in adults. Increasingly, evidence is accumulating which shows beneficial effects of supplementation with bifidobacteria for the improvement of human health conditions ranging from protection against infection to different extra- and intra-intestinal positive effects. Moreover, bifidobacteria have been associated with the production of a number of potentially health promoting metabolites including short chain fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acid and bacteriocins. The aim of this mini-review is to describe the bifidobacteria compositional changes associated with different stages in life, highlighting their beneficial role, as well as their presence or absence in many disease states.
PubMed: 27594848
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01204 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2016This study aims to investigate the effect of Bifidobacterium adolescentis against noroviruses (NoVs). Murine norovirus-1 (MNV-1) used as a surrogate was detected by...
This study aims to investigate the effect of Bifidobacterium adolescentis against noroviruses (NoVs). Murine norovirus-1 (MNV-1) used as a surrogate was detected by plaque assay and RT-qPCR. Human NoV virus like particles (VLPs) were detected by cell-binding assay. It was shown that the presence of B. adolescentis could inhibit the multiplication of MNV-1 on RAW 264.7 cells within 48 h of co-incubation period at 37°C. This inhibition did not occur at the viral binding stage, as no difference was observed in MNV-1 genomic copies collected from washed RAW 264.7 cells without and with B. adolescentis after co-incubation for 1 h at room temperature. Meanwhile, the presence of B. adolescentis decreased the binding of human NoV GI.1 VLPs to both Caco-2 cells and HT-29 cells, while no reduction was induced for the binding of human NoV GII.4 VLPs to Caco-2 cells.
PubMed: 27375585
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00864